DRC Cracks Down on Illegal Mineral Exports Linked to M23 Rebels
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is intensifying efforts to curb the illegal export of its minerals, particularly those allegedly smuggled by the Rwandan-backed M23 rebels.
During a cabinet meeting on Friday, Mines Minister Kizito Pakabomba announced a series of measures aimed at cutting off the rebels’ access to revenue from mineral sales, which Kinshasa claims is fueling both their operations and Rwanda’s involvement in the conflict.
As part of these measures, the DRC has designated the mining sites of Rubaya in Masisi territory and Nyabibwe in Kalehe territory as “red sites.” Rubaya, a major producer of coltan—a critical mineral used in electronics—is particularly significant, contributing an estimated 15–30% of global coltan production.
To further restrict illicit trade, the Congolese government is demanding the suspension of International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) certificates for Rwandan mineral exports.
Kinshasa argues that these certificates have been exploited to legitimize minerals illegally extracted from the DRC. The government is also calling for the seizure of minerals exported from Rwanda until an international audit verifies their origin.
By pressuring the ICGLR to enforce stricter mineral tracing standards, Kinshasa aims to prevent Rwanda from passing off illegally mined Congolese minerals as its own.
The DRC is seeking the immediate suspension of certificates of origin until independent verification confirms that Rwandan mineral exports do not include resources from M23-controlled areas.
Additionally, these measures are designed to make it legally challenging for buyers—especially in Europe and Asia—to source minerals from Rwanda without scrutiny.
This crackdown comes amid escalating tensions between the DRC and Rwanda, with growing international attention on Kinshasa’s accusations against Kigali.
The Minister of Mines highlighted positive international responses, including sanctions against James Kabarebe, special advisor to Rwandan President Paul Kagame, and key M23 figures.
He also noted the European Union’s decision to reassess its memorandum of understanding on strategic minerals with Rwanda—an action that could significantly increase pressure on Kigali.
The Congolese cabinet has pledged to monitor the implementation of these measures closely, with backing from international partners, as the DRC continues its efforts to reclaim control over its mineral resources and weaken rebel financing networks.
