M23 Strengthens War Economy Through Mining and Taxation in North and South Kivu
One Year After Goma’s Fall, M23’s Resource-Funded War Economy Remains Strong. One year after the fall of Goma in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the March 23 Movement (M23) has consolidated a resilient war economy built on control of natural resources and the establishment of a parallel administration across territories under its control, particularly in North and South Kivu. Despite sustained regional and international diplomatic efforts, the group’s financial base remains intact—and in some areas has grown stronger. A Parallel Administration Funded by Widespread Taxation According to Zobel Behalal,…
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